The Cold War During World War II Essay - 1632 Words

The Cold War was a clash of culture, ideologies, and a standoff between the world s two greatest nuclear powers. The argument of the American side was based around Capitalism and a hunger for ever growing business while the Soviet Union’s was structured around Communism and it’s powerful theocracy that stated it must be spread to every country on the planet. As a result, there has been much debate about whether the U.S. initiated the Cold War through their usage of the atomic bomb in World War II, or the Soviet Union did with their extreme cultural and military expansion. However, the phrasing of the original question makes this clear from a schoolyard fight perspective. It comes down to who threw the first punch? Without a doubt, it was the United States, using the most powerful weapon known to mankind in an attempt to put Japan down for good and flex their muscles as a new world power. The United States’ dropping of the nuclear bomb, a weapon of mass destructio n, in an effort to quickly take Japan out of the war had many more side effects than originally anticipated. For one, it incited the Soviet Union to fast-track their research and production of nuclear weapons, which led to a tense situation between them and the United States. Each side was waiting for the other to initiate before putting to use the many nukes they had been manufacturing after the end of World War II. Although, the concept of MAD, or mutually assured destruction, prevented either side from takingShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War During World War II930 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was political hostility between the United States of America and the Soviet Union through threats, propaganda and series of warfare incidents that made these superpowers of the time suspicious of one another. With the sources of the reader I will explain who’s to be at fault for the Cold war, the United States or the Soviet Union. The term â€Å"Cold War† according to Heonik K won in his document origins of the Cold War â€Å"†¦ refers to the prevailing condition of the world in the second halfRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War was not a military conflict, but was an ongoing political conflict involving both military and economic competition between two superpowers advancing rapidly wanting to be number one. The evolvement of the Cold War began during and after World War I, although the official beginning of the Cold War was in 1945, at the Yalta Conference after World War II. There were many causes of the Cold War, but can be summed up as a battle between capitalism and communism. Also, along with PresidentRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War was the name given to the non-aggressive conflict between The United States and Russia that began after World War II. However, there is disagreement over the exact dates of the Cold War. Nevertheless, it took place somewhere between the end of World War II and the early 1989 (Wendt n.d). The Cold War brought about a number of crises in the decades that it lasted. These crises include: Vietnam, the Berlin Wall, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cold War itself was the result of the UnitedRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II854 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a major event in the U.S. and Soviet Union’s history. The main reason that these two countries entered into the Cold War after World War II was power. The USSR and United States had two very different perspectives on power coming out of World War II. This disagreement ultimately caused the Cold War. Russia’s perspective after World War II was influenced by Joseph Stalin. Stalin, the leader of the USSR at the time, was a merciless dictator. His main concern was maintaining power andRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II1397 Words   |  6 PagesWar is the result of hate and brutality that can affect people in a negative way. The Cold War relates to the war in the Butter Battle book as it demonstrates hate, which should not be taught to kids in children s books. Conflict and competition can lead to war. The Cold War was a 45 year long rivalry between the Western powers, led by the United States and the Soviet Union. The United States formed a military base to protect them from other threats such as the Soviets. The expansion of the SovietRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II1324 Words   |  6 PagesWhen World War II ended, the last thing the countries imagined was another worldwide conflict. But that’s exactly was soon ensued when the Cold War erupted between the Eastern powers and the Western powers. The Eastern powers consisted of the Soviet Union and the Western powers consisted of America, Britain and France. During World War II, these allies had a common ground to work together in effort to fight against Hitler and the Nazi Party. The Cold War wasn’t an actual war where battles were fought;Read MoreThe Cold War During World War II1760 Words   |  8 PagesEssay One During World War II the United States and the Soviet Union were allies, but by 1950, their relationship had disintegrated and the two nations were engaged in a â€Å"Cold War.† The â€Å"Cold War† occurred due to efforts by both nations after the war to maintain influence in regions like Eastern Europe for the Soviets and Turkey and Greece for the United States, but the â€Å"Cold War† wasn’t limited to these disputes. The â€Å"Cold War† was influenced by many factors on the United States side including theRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II970 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a period of 44 years of both military and political tension after World War II. There were many ideals and events that lead to the Cold War. Nationalism, poor economic conditions, and a strong desire for democracy and human rights are the primary reasons that many believe the Cold War started. However, these are just a few of the reasons for the Cold War. Events s uch as the Yalta Conference, Truman Doctrine, Potsdam Conference, and the Marshall Plan also greatly influenced the startRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II2261 Words   |  10 PagesThe Cold War was a period of rivalry short of armed confrontation. Tensions oscillated between former allies of the World War II, Russia and America, leading to the infamous cold war. It is rather difficult to determine the starting point of the Cold War because the East-West relationship had been deteriorating since a long time due to their conflicting ideologies and aspirations. However, the circumstances required for them to form an alliance in World War II, but this friendship was short livedRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II Essay2497 Words   |  10 PagesThe Cold War was one of the most fear-inducing situations in American history. Post World War II, the superpowers of the world, namely the United States and the U.S.S.R, struggled to settle issues that arose from initiatives and re sponses after the war. These created the climate of tension and distrust between the two nations (Sibley 1). The United States held tightly to its liberal-capitalist beliefs while the Soviets â€Å"†¦professed fervent belief,† in their Marxist-Leninist ideology (Sibley 1). Many

Argumentative Essay On Organ Donation - 716 Words

We have an organ donor enigma in the U.S., as more than record number of Americans support organ donation, but half are registered to donate. This year, thousands of Americans will die needlessly for a need of an organ. As the demand for organs is increasing, it is essential to implement policies and strategies to improve organ supply. In the field of organ transplantation, the role of altruism is significant to the welfare of the society. Organ donation is founded on the principles of altruism that is an action taken by a person to benefit others without regard to the consequences on him or herself. Life-saving organ transplantation relies upon a supply of donated organs. However, not all potential organ donations are considered†¦show more content†¦Some suggest allowing financial incentives but then we will be creating a free market for organs that would be exploitative, immoral, and abuse those who are in abject poverty. In addition to the Opt-out system, countries, such as Israel, Chile, and Singapore use the Priority Rule to motivate and encourage organ donations that do not involve financial incentive. The Priority Rule grants citizens who sign up to be an organ donor to secure priority for receiving an organ. This law has been favorable as these countries are seeing a notable increase in donor registrations. U.S. could benefit from a similar incentivized Opt-out system, as it would create a more equitable allocation than resorting to harvesting and selling organs, which opens the door to corruption and exploitation. If altruistic angels of our nature arent enough to motivate, then another way to increase the number of donors is through rewards. Perhaps systems where the potential donors will receive non-cash incentives, such as free lifetime health insurance and tax incentives. Another way to make organ donation system work better is by improving trust and fairness in our health care system. Most people may refuse to donate because of the frequent misperception that a persons donated organs may go to the highest bidder, such as a wealthy person. In reality, the factors that determine placement are the severity of illness, time on the wait list, and theShow MoreRelatedIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesillustrated the meaning and use of words; the great majority of the examples are due to him. Their merit is that they are not translations from English, but natural Igbo sentences elicited only by the stimulus of the word they illustrate. The short essays which appear from time to time (e.g. under otà ¹tà ¹, à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤gbanÌ„je) on aspects of culture are also his work, as are the sketches which served as basis for the illustrations, a large number of new words, and various features of the arrangement. When he hadRead MoreDeveloping Management S kills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagessolvers and decision makers who prefer to deal with technical tasks and straightforward, prescribed problems rather than social or interpersonal issues. They excel at problems that have one correct answer. Multiple-choice exams are preferred over essay exams. Research has suggested that these individuals are inclined toward careers in technology, engineering, and law. In college, students with a knowing style tend to major in the physical sciences, engineering, law, and computers. In business, they

A Model for Operationalizing ERM in Project

Question: Describe about A model for operationalizing ERM in project? Answer: Introduction Tesco Plc. is a leading giant retailer constituting multiple channels to serve millions of customers worldwide. Tescos activity ranges from grocery to general merchandize sales, dispensing pharmacies, mobile telephone retailing, caf and restaurants, opticians and a bank. This paper would highlight the continuous effort of the senior management to make five future developments over the next five years (Arena et al.2012).However, the paper also draws attention to the current performance of the project team based on which the future development is likely to be made. The five developments that is believed to improve the project team performance is either associated with organizational culture or society, technological aspects, knowledge and skills of their staff, sub-contracting and outsourcing, collaboration with other companies, etc. In addition, this paper emphasize on effects of the developments on the project team performance backed with evidences (Bishop, 2013). Further recommendat ions have been made to accommodate these developments. Current project team performance The core business of Tesco is concentrated in UK with more than 1000 stores employing 250,000 employees. Needless to say, 80% of the Tesco sales and profits comes from the business of UK. The operations of project team at Tesco implement multi-format approach, new space or extension of the existing stores is the major determinant of the companys growth. The long term strategy of the project management team based on three chief aspects: growth in core UK business, expansion outside the core food business, international expansion (Brannen et al.2013). The mighty Tesco seems to be successful and premium brand retailer; however, the project team must incorporate significant developments to combat the issues. Stock control in Tesco was highly manual and considered to be an inefficient process which in turn results into large proportion stock out and inferior buying regimes. Although several measures have been taken to improve the customer services, yet there are a lot complain from the cu stomer end of Tesco (De Souza et al.2013). In reference to the current scenario, Management structures in Tesco head office are disfigured and the central functions were inwardly facing. There were significant lack in communication that affected and detaches the management from the end users and the store. Tesco chosen to avoid extension of its domestic employee relations practices to workers outside of the UK. This has strong effect on the organizational culture of Tesco (Durugbo et al.2014). The checkouts of the shop are manual, and the price list too is manually updated. The customer product pricing was manual that was inherently time-consuming and inefficient approach. The supply chain of Tesco that relates supplier to the customer in store was far from integrated and highly expensive to maintain. Tesco has weak or no collaboration with other companies. Tesco instead of engaging positively with its community partners, it refuses to collaborate with them. Instead of offering partnership, Tesco accepts conflicts. In contrar y to this, Tesco actively pursue a policy to keep out of trade unions, instead of being defensive to the association (Hogarth-Scott, 2015). The senior management of Tesco tends to be centralized (i.e. bargaining is central to decision-making), authoritarian, hierarchical, personalized firm with its own rules and procedures. With strict authoritarian culture within the organization left no space for employee flexibility and effective communication between the superior and subordinate in Tesco. Tesco workforce lack in significant technical and operational skills to work with efficiency; however no specialized training and education program has been developed to enhance skills and knowledge of the employees (James and Hopkinson, 2013).Tesco outsource its online-bookstore and online-banking with small budget companies which in turn negatively impact on losing confidentiality, easily replicated by its competitors, fragmentation and disintegration of supply chain. Development The project management team of Tesco has embarked upon a transformation of its entire organization that is likely to change the companys future and performance for decades to come. The development programs and projects undertaken by the senior management team focuses mainly on the five development areas, that include environment (organizational culture, workplace, society), technology, knowledge and skill development of workforce or staff, collaboration with other companies, outsourcing and sub-contracting (Lam and Gale, 2014). The business development is expected to be wide ranging, with strong impact on every areas selected above. Five areas of Development Organizational culture The development process include reviewing of the entire organizational structure of Tesco that starts from check out staff to store management also including its head office functioning. The development includes the following activities in three significant areas where the lack is encountered (Laosirihongthong et al.2013). Head office functioning The head office function was re-aligned with the operational requirement of Tesco retail store. In addition, a new retail department is planned to set up focused to control the impact and interface of the head office functions on the day to day operations of each Tesco store. Senior head office managers are asked to enter into collaboration with the retail stores, since retail store experience is made pre-requisite for each senior head office positions (Long and Young, 2015). This is an attempt to improve the authoritarian and personalized structure of the firm. This approach is likely to bring flexibility and encourage effective communication between superior and subordinate in Tesco thus resulting employee-engagement and better performance of project management team. Supply chain management The supply chain management is planned to re-align with the focus to closely match the wide-scale requirement of Tesco retail stores with the distribution centers around the country. An efficient supply system will improve the availability of stock with better inventory management thereby reducing the rate of waste generation (Melville and Whisnant, 2014). Retail Store management The Retail store management of Tesco is planned to undergo a major re-organization. This will include incorporation of middle-management tiers and staff empowerment to serve their customers efficiently. The development process emphasize on the depth of organizational transformation and to do so they, Tesco is planning to introduce personnel development managers to its stores at the level of regional management (Mullan, 2012). Such a development approach will ensure best people are placed in the right position of the giant retail organization. Technology Development through technological innovations is essential in order to provide technology solutions matching the needs of transforming business thus improving project team performance. Technological development is highly anticipated to fuel and drive the performance of business. It is planned to introduce latest information system software in each of its retail store. In order to facilitate outstanding resource planning within its vastly spread Retail store, Tesco develop ERP (enterprise resource planning software) for better performance of the project management team (Ndekugri et al.2013). The team of senior management emphasize on developing computerized stock control systems to efficiently utilize the data collected by checkout systems. This is an effective development approach to efficiently predict customer buying behavior and order product according matching the shopping pattern across the country (O'Connor, 2014). The company opted to equip its UK based managers and supervisors with SymbolMC50 mobile computers across its biggest stores. This was done to replace the paper-based and time-consuming processes and also unchain store managers from their desktop-email. The company aims to develop MC50 in order withstand the demand of high-usage environment (Pinker et al.2012).This is a software, rather a reliable computerized device that delivers enterprise class functionality. Tesco is planning to provide real-time data solution to its store managers so that they are connected to the business related critical IT applications to ensure continued office based work while they are on shop floor, giving them the right business processes, information and technology(Pinker et al.2013). An increased presence of managers on shop floor would enhance motivation and monitoring of staff, augment the investigation to operational performance and effective interaction with the customers. Knowldge and skill development of staff Tesco is focused to incorporate flexible yet structured approach to training and development of staff with significant adaptation respective to individual needs of employees. Training Tesco is planning to facilitate its employees with both on-job and off-job training programs that would inherently result into better enhancement of skills and knowledge within the workforce. On-job training of employees will be introduced with direct relevance to their work resulting into better coordination with people in same department and encourage team spirit (Silvestri et al. 2011).Intense training of employees is likely to incorporate with the focus to educate the trainees to work through problems and inspire them to find solutions of their own. Developmental programs It is a fast-track twelve months program specially developed for A-level entrants. Options program This development program is expected to develop operating and leadership skills among the existing employees of Tesco (Van Zoonen and Turner, 2014). Specialized programs This indeed a specialized training program intended for graduate and A-level workforce with firm focus on Tesco stores, offices and distribution system E-learning In order to educate staff across, the senior project management team entered into collaboration with Skillset team in order produce elearning materials. This development program is incorporated with a focus to make the learning process interactive, comprehensive and easy to use (Woolliscroft et al.2013). This development procedure is likely to incorporate skills and knowledge among the employees to adopt with the various demands made by consumers. The training and education programs enhance the technical skills and competencies of in-store and non-store based posts in Tesco. Moreover, workforce with exclusive skills range is expected to work flexibly, being more productive in business thus improving the overall performance of the project team (Wright and Brown, 2013). Collaboration with other companies As discussed in the previous context, Tesco is highly rigid to associate with other companies or enter partnership. However, the project management team is likely to take certain development steps that would improve the project team performance explicitly (Xie and Allen, 2013). Strategic alliance- Tesco chose to involve two partner firms in its strategic alliance. This attempt will benefit the organization in the following ways. Tesco can remain legally independent after the alliance is formed. Share benefits, facilities and managerial control over the performance of assigned operations to the project team (Arena et al.2014). Tesco will enjoy continuous contributions in one or more strategic areas, such as Tesco food or grocery items, Technology implementation, etc. Strategic alliance of Tesco with other companies will create interdependence between the autonomous economic units, expected to bring about new benefits to Tesco and its partners in terms of intangible assets (Bishop, 2013).Such an attempt obligate the company to make continuous contributions within the partnership, share risk with partners and leverage capabilities thus improving the performance as a whole. Collaboration with Cisco IBSG Tesco is planning to enter into collaboration with Cisco IBSG to get benefitted in the four core business areas with web 2.0 capabilities. The core functioning areas include, 1) Trade planning, innovation, decision-making, operational excellence, sharing of knowledge (Brannen et al.2013). In addition, collaboration with CISCO team would encourage series of workshop involving Tesco employees from each of these business domains to look for opportunities, offer technology leadership and generates business value. Outsourcing and sub-contracting Xansa outsourcing Where outsourcing refers to the procurement of a commodity asset or resource at the cheapest rate, the giant supermarket Tesco is likely to extend the 18 million contract with Xansa for software development, application management and consultation. This outsourcing deal is intended to reduce the cost of core IT operations in order to focus more on investment on its retail offering (De Souza et al.2014). Xansa is likely to support critical operational system of Tesco that include production, distribution, stock refill, pricing and payroll system across its business spread worldwide. Tesco expects that will provide potential expertise in applications management, insight comprehension of the business, and enhance commitment among the workforce to deliver key outcomes (Durugbo et al.2014). Outsourcing of online banking Online shopping is considered to be the core competency of Tesco. Tesco is likely to outsource its online shopping format to shield its core competencies when an economic downturn will hit the business world (Hogarth-Scott, 2015). However, such an attempt will be made not only to reduce cost but also reach out global talent. Outsource to data management service Tesco decided to outsource their data submission to Valpak. The company will use Valpaks data management services in order to reduce its administrative burden of packaging data submission and ensure compliance with UK packaging waste regulations (Lam and Gale, 2014). This is likely to benefit Tesco in the following areas: Identification of raw data and produce data submission Carry out of weighing exercises (James and Hopkinson, 2013). Extensive data collection, analysis and evaluation Develop worthwhile sustainability projects Conclusion The development process in Tesco is likely to take around five years for its complete incorporation; however it is intended to be driven by determination and compelling vision. Development is being made in the five significant areas discussed above with the expectation to improve the project team performance. Reference List Arena, M., Azzone, G., Cagno, E., Silvestri, A., and Trucco, P. (2014). A model for operationalizing ERM in project-based operations through dynamic capabilities.International Journal of Energy Sector Management,8(2), 178-197. Bishop, J. (2013). Lessons from the emotivate project for increasing take-up of big society and responsible capitalism initiatives. Brannen, M. Y., Moore, F., and Mughan, T. (2013). Strategic ethnography and reinvigorating Tesco Plc: Leveraging inside/out bicultural bridging in multicultural teams. InEthnographic Praxis in Industry Conference Proceedings(Vol. 2013, No. 1, pp. 282-299). De Souza, R. S., Da Silva, S. M., Gomes, A. L. B., Garcia, G., De Oliveira, M. S. S., and De Faria, J. A. (2012). Enterprise Risk Management and Performance Improvement: A Study with Brazilian Nonfinancial Firms.Performance Measurement and Management Control: Global Issues,25, 275. Durugbo, C., Tiwari, A., and R. Alcock, J. (2014). Managing integrated information flow for delivery reliability.Industrial Management and Data Systems,114(4), 628-651. Hogarth-Scott, S. (2015). A Framework for Category Management Relationships. InProceedings of the 1998 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 404-411). Springer International Publishing. James, P., and Hopkinson, P. (2013). Virtual traffic: e-commerce, transport and distribution.Digital Future: Living in a Dot-Com World, 165-199. Lam, T., and Gale, K. (2014). Highway maintenance: impact of framework agreements on contractor performance.Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management,21(3), 336-347. Laosirihongthong, T., Adebanjo, D., and Choon Tan, K. (2013). Green supply chain management practices and performance.Industrial Management and Data Systems,113(8), 1088-1109. Long, T. B., and Young, W. (2015). An exploration of intervention options to enhance the management of supply chain greenhouse gas emissions in the UK.Journal of Cleaner Production. Melville, N. P., and Whisnant, R. (2014). Energy and Carbon Management Systems.Journal of Industrial Ecology,18(6), 920-930. Mullan, J. (2012). Legal Project Management: Passing Fad or Here to Stay?.Legal Information Management,12(03), 214-217. Ndekugri, I., Daeche, H., and Zhou, D. (2013). The project insurance option in infrastructure procurement.Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management,20(3), 267-289. O'Connor, C. (2014). The management of digital loyalty card data within a collaborative innovation network.Journal of Economic and Social Policy,16(2), 163. Pinker, E. J., Szmerekovsky, J. G., and Tilson, V. (2012). Managing a secret project. Pinker, E., Szmerekovsky, J., and Tilson, V. (2013). Technical note-managing a secret project.Operations Research,61(1), 65-72. Silvestri, A., Arena, M., Cagno, E., Trucco, P., and Azzone, G. (2011). Enterprise risk management from theory to practice: The role of dynamic capabilities Approachthe Spring model. InQuantitative Financial Risk Management(pp. 281-307). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Van Zoonen, L., and Turner, G. (2014). Exercising identity: agency and narrative in identity management.Kybernetes,43(6), 935-946. Woolliscroft, P., Jakbov, M., KrajÄ oviÄ ov, K., PÄ ikov, L., Cagňov, D., and ÄŒambl, M. (2013, January). Global key Performance Best Practice. InProceedings For the 9th European Conference on Management Leadership and Governance: ECMLG 2013(p. 346). Academic Conferences Limited. Wright, C. F., and Brown, W. (2013). The effectiveness of socially sustainable sourcing mechanisms: Assessing the prospects of a new form of joint regulation.Industrial Relations Journal,44(1), 20-37. Xie, Y., and Allen, C. (2013). Information technologies in retail supply chains: a comparison of Tesco and Asda.International Journal of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling,5(1), 46-62.

Alvarez Shows Language is A Tremendous Difference In Everyones Lives Essay Example For Students

Alvarez Shows Language is A Tremendous Difference In Everyones Lives Essay In HisStoryAlvarez Shows Language is A Tremendous Difference In Everyones Lives In HisStoryRudy and Yolanda communicated in completely different languages. Bylanguage, I mean the written, and spoken kind. More so I mean the traditions,and values that go hand in hand with learning a language. When they learnedtheir own languages, they inherited their own set of ideals, that were changedby what, where, and how they were taught. Yolandas language was Spanish. She learned to speak Spanish in theDominican Republic. Her lifestyle was one of a strict Catholic girl. Yo had avery traditional father. He allowed nothing but what was the social norm. Hissocial norms became hers. When she moved to the U.S., she was completely naivewhen it came to the American culture. Yolanda was raised in the way that the useof drugs and alcohol were totally unheard of. Pre-marital sex was something thatwas taboo, and strictly reinforced. She had grown up with very traditionalvalues that were adopted from her mother and her father. She was never exposedto any outside stimuli. Whether or not it was voluntary, she was forced toconform to the rigid Hispanic values. This conformity kept her at bay. Shecouldnt experience the things necessary to become a whole person. We will write a custom essay on Alvarez Shows Language is A Tremendous Difference In Everyones Lives specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Rudolf B. Elmhurst was a young man from a liberal family in the UnitedStates. His parents were easy-going people, with thoughts of letting Rudydevelop on his own. He learned English much the same way Yolanda learned Spanish. He was taught by his parents. He also absorbed the culture around him and helearned the American way of doing things. Rudy had quite a bit of freedom. Hecould have come and gone as he pleased. He had no restrictions, and was allowedto grow freely. With that opportunity Rudolf Brodermann Elmenhurst was able tolaugh along with everyone else at the mention of his difficult to pronounce name. He had been allowed to grow unrestricted, but not unchecked. While his parentwere liberal, they still gave him the attention necessary, and the room toevolve. This independence helped him to be who he was, invincible to insult,injury, and always in control. When Yolanda and Rudy first met they were in English class. He hadshowed up late and totally unprepared for class, the exact opposite of her. Shemarveled at how he could walk in late, take what she thought of as anembarrassing scene, and laugh about it. She always went to class early, had allof her books and was well prepared for class. She also got extremely embarrassedwhen he laughed about the pencil, which he considered no big deal, but a chanceto show off. Rudy and Yolanda had been raised differently, and this affected howthey interacted socially. This is one of the most pronounced differences betweenthem that is brought about by language, and the ideals that accompany theirdifferent backgrounds. Rudy and Yo were working on their poems for class. Yolanda used thestyle she had been taught. She followed the instructions to the letter. Rudy hadwrote about what he wanted, and tried to be the class clown. This was anotherdifference in their language. She had been taught to do as told, and doeverything correctly. Rudy was doing what he wanted, as he was taught to. Heused the assignment as a chance to get attention, to be noticed. Yo shied awayfrom anything of the sort. She was quiet, and shy, he was loud, and likedattention. This was another side effect of language. In learning the strictHispanic values, Yolanda had learned that children were supposed to be quiet,proper, etc. Rudy just did what came natural. He wasnt taught to fear anything,so he never had that problem. The different languages taught differentmentalities, and were based on the values of the teachers. .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 , .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .postImageUrl , .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 , .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85:hover , .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85:visited , .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85:active { border:0!important; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85:active , .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85 .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u146287dc8b12e5cc4fa56aabaafdad85:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Time to Kill EssaySomehow they decided to work together on their homework. She helpedwrite his poem using the phrases and double meanings that he thought would beappropriate. It was pornographic by her standards, but she didnt know what anyof it meant. She wrote her poem using the format that she was taught to. When itcame time for the two to read their poems Yolanda read hers first. No one knewwhat she was talking about because they had a different frame of mind. Then Rudyread his poem the whole class erupted with laughter. The rest of the class hadunderstood all of the inside jokes, and puns. He later explained to her all ofthe little details that she couldnt understan d. Yolanda couldnt comprehendwhat was going on because of her language, and the way she was raised. She wasnever allowed to experience anything of the sort, so it all seemed alien to her,just as her poem had to him, and the rest of the class. After a short time dating, Rudy began to try and introduce sex intotheir relationship. He had up to that point corrupted her to drinking, smoking,and doing a variety of drugs. She still hung onto the fear instilled in her as achild. Rudy had never had to have that fear, he was totally uninhibited. Shewanted to experience sex, but she told herself no. She still had the old fearsin her head. The threats of her father, the priests, and the other fears she hadinvented, stemming from the roots of her language, and the Hispanic upbringing. The language Rudy used, and the ways he described sex had also driven her away. When he refereed to sex as getting laid it completely turned her off. Shethought it was supposed to be very romantic, and everything would be set justright. Eventually she overcame the barriers, and made love to men. Rudy was notone of them his American overconfidence, and frustration turned her off. The waythey communicated about sex, and love was a major difference in languages. Yolanda had acquired the idea that sex was an act of love, and should be treatedas such, and introduced as such. Rudy was interested in the short termgratification of getting laid.Rudy and Yolanda grew up learning different languages, and at the sametime learning the cultural norms of the area in which they originated. Theybrought their values with them when they went to college. Rudy had the samestyle of free upbringing that most Americans at that time had.. Yolanda wasraised by a stern father, who left no room for argument. The barrier betweenYolandas world, viewed through her Hispanic background, and the new world shemoved into was very hard for her to overcome. Eventually she changed, and adapted more to the American culture, as shebegan to learn the English language first hand. The languages that these twoyoung adults had learned molded who they were. They each learned a differentlanguage, so they had different, conflicting ideals. Gradually one language gets assimilated by another. Yolanda began tolose her language, and her Hispanic values. The more popular American style tookover. She was captured by the new culture, and almost completely lost her oldone. Rudy soon faded from her life. People are affected by how, where, and whenthey are raised. Alvarez shows that language is a tremendous difference in everyoneslives. Everything that is the norm for one person is completely alien to someoneelse, and visa versa. The language, spoken, written, and cultural play a hugepart in who we are. Rudy and Yo, are just two small examples of language in anever changing world.

Othello Character Essays - Othello, Iago, Michael Cassio, Emilia

Othello Character Othello's character during the play is first shown as a hero of war and a man of great pride and courage. The other main characters in the play all form their own opinions of him and as the play continues, his character begins to deteriorate and become less noble. Chronologically through the play Othello's character changes from a flawless military leader, to become a murderer. Also as the play progresses, the other characters in the play change their opinions of Othello which causes the plot to happen the way it did. Throughout the first act of the play, Othello was shown as many different characters depending on who was speaking. Iago complains of Othello's pride and "bombast circumstance" and is angered by the appointment of Cassio, and educated military theoretician of Florence to lieutenant, instead of himself. Although he knows Othello is a proud man, his open and trusting nature in the beginning of the play will be eroded by the conclusion of the plot. As Iago is speaking to Brabantio about Othello, he uses the term "white ewe" to represent Desdemona, and "black ram" when referring to Othello. By using these terms, it shows that he is trying to give a bad impression of Othello when he is speaking to the royal family in Venice, because Othello is a Moor or a Negro. Iago shows his black hatred for the Moor, and his jealousy of Cassio in his first soliloquy and also reveals his evil intentions. As the act continues and Othello is being searched for by a group of people, Iago attempts to incite Othello into anger against Brabantio, but Othello does not take the bait. He feels that he (Brabantio) may do his worst because Othello is assured that his military services to the government will outweigh Brabantio's complaints of him marrying Desdemona. These answers to Iago's persistence show that he is still a character of calmness and dignity, and he still has the self-assurance suitable to command armies of men. When Othello is found by Cassio, he seems to be relieved because he does not like personal conflict, which would have occurred if Brabantio had found him instead. After he is found, Othello is taken to Brabantio where he is interrogated on how he possessed Desdemona enough in order to make her run off with him. Brabantio damns Othello and calls him an enchanter, saying that the "tender, fair, and happy" Desdemona was too shy of marriage, which is why she shunned all of the suitors sent to her. This entire scene helps to establish Othello as an alert and composed leader. Later in this act, Othello offers to explain how he won Desdemona. He chooses not to contradict or deny that he has used "magic" but when the true meaning of the "magic" comes to light it is shown that he used the magic of love and not a conjured magic. Iago also suspects Othello of having some kind of relationship with his own wife, although he doesn't know or even seem to care whether or not his suspicions have any foundation at all. Again, according to Iago, Othello is an "ass" because he has a "free and open nature." This act works as an introduction to the Othello character and shows how other characters react to his presence in different ways. The remaining acts of the play continue to show how the characters react to Othello's lifestyle changes. Even though he must rid Cassio of his lieutenant responsibilities forever, Othello explains how he still loves him. If it were up to him Othello would have reinstated Cassio at the first opportunity, but this would be bad political practice. He wishes to appease Desdemona by doing this but he realizes that he can't. These practices show that he is a good governor and does not wish to arouse hostilities in the city, with an untimely pardon of Cassio. Desdemona tells Emilia that Othello is not the jealous type, which Othello believes to be true himself. However, as the play progresses through Act 3, Othello talks to Iago telling him that their prior conversation gave him reason to suspect Desdemona's motives. As a reader, you can see that Othello's capacity for judgement has deteriorated up to this point, not only is his state of mind changing due to Iago's constant prodding, but his morals have also deteriorated along with his character. As the play winds to a close, the characters continue to show their own opinions on Othello. Many of the characters have

Remembering Childhood in the Middle East

Remembering Childhood in the Middle East Free Online Research Papers This is a collection of narratives written by men and women remembering personal experiences growing up in the Middle East. There are 36 contributors from 11 Arab countries (Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan, Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon) in addition to Iran, Turkey, and Israel. The book includes a concise historical summary for each period, and a brief biographical sketch of each contributor. Some of the narratives were originally written in Arabic or French and translated into English. The accounts are presented along four overlapping historical periods: The end of the Ottoman Empire (1923), European Colonial Rule and the Rise of Arab Nationalism (1830-1971), New Nations (1951- 1979), and the Post Colonial Middle East (1971- ). The collection was put together and edited by Elizabeth Fernea, a professor of English and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Texas at Austin. Fernea allowed her contributorsmen and women; Muslims, Christians and Jews; Arabs and non- Arabsto speak for themselves. One should keep in mind however, that the stories they remember are all reinterpreted through their adult perspectives. The first part of the book, the end of the Ottoman Empire, includes six narrators, three men and three women from different ethnic and religious backgrounds. They are all, however, from families belonging to ruling elites in their societies. All attended school, encouraged by parents who valued education and all ended up receiving graduate degrees from Western universities like Columbia or the American University of Beirut. With these backgrounds, they are part of the minority in their societies. In An Arab Faces the Modern World, Mohamed Fadhel Jamali describes how he was raised in Kadhimain, Iraq. He remembers his youth as growing up in an old traditional society, with its rigid religious practices and superstitious practices on the one hand and its good-hearted, cooperative, and patriarchal kinship on the other (p. 12). Jamalis family belonged to a pious Shiite community where his father held a leading role and his mother, a saintly lady conducted special rituals for the ladies inspiring hope of gaining recovery (12). He also remembers a childhood where most of his actions were directed by fearfear of his father, his uncle who took care of him when his father moved away, or fear of being hit by the Quranic schoolteacher, the Sheikh. The image that emerges from this narrative is one of a sectarian Iraqi society where religious upbringing was paramount and where a strong patriarchal extended family and its members were directly responsible for supporting the children o f the clan. We also get a glimpse of a social organization based in neighborhoods where family houses were linked by passageways to facilitate visits. In the second part of the volume, the Rise of European Colonial Rule and the Rise of Arab Nationalism, Fernea presents eleven narratives written by six women and five men. With the exception of Zbida Shetlan who grew up poor and illiterate in a rural area of Tunisia, all the contributors in this section are distinguished poets and authors who have also been exposed to Western cultural influence. Most come from family backgrounds that must have been the exception rather than the rule, in that they encouraged education and supported the schooling of their sons and daughters during the middle of the twentieth century when literacy was still reserved for the lucky few. All contributors shared the experience of growing up in a period of high instability in the Middle East. The political events and social upheavals in the 1940s and 1950s had a direct impact on their lives. Some recall the exile of Egypt’s King Farouk because of the Free Officers take-over in Egypt, while others remember food rationing during WWII, or having their classes disrupted by student demonstrations in Cairo. Some witnessed protests against the British in Baghdad or the political unrest of the Mossadeq era in Iran. Some recount being stopped by foreign soldiers at checkpoints in Beirut or having to immigrate to Israel for being an Iraqi Jew. While the narrators remember the events, they also note that they were far from realizing their significance for the region. Hoda Naamani in Damascus the Golden states that as a child [she] lived behind a mask (p.74). She felt that in her protected childhood, she was unable to see the beginning of a conflagration that would destroy all the old principles and traditions and establish a new Damascus.† In â€Å"My Education in Half the World, what impressed itself on Mohammed Ghanoonparvars memory was his fathers scheme to provide him with an education alongside the formal school system, that taught him valuable lessons, more so than the education he received in school. His father put him through a series of diverse apprenticeships that taught him the value of work and respect for all trades. Growing up in a historic city in Iran also â€Å"created in [him] a sense of belonging to a city, a country, and a culture, which is the main ingredient of collective and individual id entity (p. 118). The experiences of Zbida Shetlan, recounted in My Story, are unique in the volume, but ironically may be the most representative of what young Arab girls growing up in the twentieth century have experienced. Zbida never went to school and spent her childhood working for her family including uncles and grandparents. She does not say why but does make mention of the fact that she was raised by her grandfather and step-grandmother. She grew up in a callous world filled with burnooses, never ending chores and beatings. Unlike the other memoirs, she does not come from a wealthy family and education is not favorably looked upon. Her only hope is to get married and hope for a better life. The third part of the volume includes nine narratives written by two women and seven men and arranged under the headings: New Nations (19521962); Oil wealth and OPEC (1973- ); Israeli-Palestinian Wars (1967, 1973); Camp David Treaty (1979); Iranian Revolution (1979). The children growing up during this period had a common experience as witnesses to the rise of nationalism, conflicting ideologies, and social transformations in their communities. However, although living through these turbulent times as teenagers, the narrators were not fully aware of the significance of the events happening around thema coup d’à ©tat in Turkey, the war of liberation in Morocco, the discovery of oil in Kuwait, the fall of Mossadeq in Iran, the defeat of 1967 or rural migration in Egypt. Only later as adults reflecting on their childhoods do they discover that those events shaped their world and their own attitudes towards it. Also common are the narrators educational experiences as they mov e from traditional Quranic schools to Western style schools. In addition to these shared themes, the narrators reflect on more personal experiences, such as the tradition in Morocco of the neighbors stealing the boys for circumcision to avoid the parental anxiety that accompanied it; seeing ones friends being grabbed by a crocodile on the banks of the Nile; living as a Palestinian refugee in a UN refugee camp in Lebanon; or being exiled and living under house arrest. The contributors to this section come from various socioeconomic backgrounds, but are not fully representative, since those who contributed had the chance to go beyond basic education. The last part of the book, The Post-Colonial Middle East (1971- ) gives voice to ten narrators, three men and seven women. All but one, Abdelaziz Jadir, received higher degrees from Western universities and many live in the United States. Their present lives have no doubt colored their childhood memories. Shafeeq Ghabra, who wrote My Childhood: Innocence, Politics, and Rebellion is one of the lucky Palestinians from this period because he comes from a well-connected family that was able to obtain Kuwaiti citizenship. Yet, he looks back at his childhood in the 1950s as being burdened with the sad past of personal and national loss (257). Because of the loosely defined setting, a geographic region that encompasses a wide variety of cultures and a time span characterized by profound changes in every aspect of society, it is difficult to identify a unifying theme of the volume beyond the basic account of childhood reminiscences. Moreover, the narrators freedom to choose which memories and experiences from their childhoods to describe contributes to the kaleidoscopic nature of the narratives. For some, childhood experiences extended all the way to their college years; while for others, the period of childhood was much shorter. The editor gave free rein to the contributors to select from their personal histories. The fact that there were no guidelines to direct the experiences on which to reflect is both strength and a weakness of the book. Furthermore, they are adults, looking back with the eyes of grown-ups at their childhoods and the children they think they used to be. The mosaic of images is, nonetheless, tied together by universal concerns that transcend both the time and space to which the book is dedicated: the Middle East in the twentieth century. As readers everywhere we can relate to those feelings associated with a whole range of experiences described by the narrators, such as authoritarian parents, school, social pressures, moving to another town or country, dealing with gender differences; fears of losing or, in some cases, the loss of a parent or the hardships of living in poverty. Some common themes in the volume are education and discipline, paternal dominance, womens importance in the family, the role of the extended family in the upbringing of children and arranged marriages. For many Middle Eastern readers, the identity dilemma of the post-colonial era resulting from the prevailing multicultural educational systemsan issue raised by several of the contributorsis still very relevant today. The book succeeds in presenting us with intimate and in some cases candid reflections on family and social life over a turbulent century in a tumultuous region. In the end, the major contribution of this volume is to make us aware that no matter where we are, we are all moved by similar aspirations. It celebrates the universality of human nature and the shared core values of human cultures. Along with the universality of childhood experiences, the narrators reflections on their past introduce us to very particular stories, particular to the individuals telling them as well as particular to the time and place to which they belonged. Research Papers on Remembering Childhood in the Middle EastCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTrailblazing by Eric AndersonPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyPETSTEL analysis of IndiaHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

Performance enhancing drugs in sports (which ones athletes use and the Research Paper

Performance enhancing drugs in sports (which ones athletes use and the benefits and possible side effects of using them) - Research Paper Example Some of them accept athletes as roll models in their life. This is a competitive world and the competition is spread in almost all sectors. By all means, sport is an important part of the competence. For surviving and winning in the competence at the sports field athletes want to maintain and boost their performance more and more. For this reason they always seek the methods for enhancing their performance in competitions and consider drug as the suitable stimuli for achieving their aims. Athletes prefer different types of performance enhancing drugs like anabolic steroids. There are certain reasons behind the use of drugs by athletes. In the book, Drugs in sports, David R. Mottram reveals many important factors related to the use of drugs in sports. In this book he denominates four reasons for the use of drugs in sports. They are listed below. Performance maintenance: - As part of the treatments which occurs at the time of their practicing or some other situation they forced to take treatments. At this time the medicines they took for the sports injuries many include drugs. From the above mentioned four points it is clear that athletes use drugs for improving their performance. Some of the important factors regarding the performance enhancing drugs in sports are discussed below. Almost all kinds of drugs preferred by the athletes contain substances which help the improvement of their athletic performance. It is not a new phenomenon; in the historical period itself athletes prefer drugs for their performance enrichment. It is not limited to one or two types. The most commonly preferred drug types are steroids and amphetamines and health supplements. First two types come under controlled substances, that is its production and distribution are controlled by the legal authority. One of the major reasons for this strict controlling is its high possibility of abuse especially by the athletes and trainers. Health supplements are

Cross culture literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cross culture - Literature review Example 19-40). Leadership and Globalization Globalization can be described as the process where a company looks to enter the international market. It looks to make its products available to the international customers. The modern day businesses have become quite complex. However, even amidst all such changes one principle for success remain the same, i.e. the leadership skills of the mangers. Leadership styles and management methods across the world are quite diverse and get heavily influenced by particulars dominant in the environment. Various studies in different countries have focused on the compliance of the leadership styles in terms of the conditions of success. The relationship among the culture and the managers is quite different. Managers tend to be people that get things done and the corporate culture happens to be the mechanism that is used by the managers to understand the way they should communicate with the team members. One of the most important characteristics of the leaders is to have an insight to the key happenings within a group in an organization. Such insights provide the much required energy to work (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2010, p. 221). Intercultural leadership contingency model Combining the direction goal developed by Robert House and the dividing culture dimension studies conducted by Geert Hofstede a new model off cross cultural leadership was developed. The leadership model developed has been categorized into four categories such as directional leadership, supportive leadership, participatory leadership and success oriented leadership. In case of directional leadership the leader prepares guides for the staff regarding what the staffs should do and how to perform the tasks along with the functional standards. In case of supportive leadership the main focus in on welfare of the staffs and the needs and requirements of the employees (Maylor and Blackmon, 2005, p. 209). In case of participatory leadership the leaders looks to consult with th e staffs during the decision making process. Leaders provide equal importance to the needs of the staffs as well as the organizational objectives. Success oriented leadership encourages the staffs to perform work at the highest level. However, very little focus is provided to the personal needs of the staffs. Here it needs to be mentioned that, this model has some degree of similarity to the managerial grid model which also reflects various leadership styles (Buelens, Sinding, Waldstrom, Krietner and Kinicki, 2011, p.223). Studies related to the management and leadership styles have been conducted substantially in various countries. Such survey reflects the various leadership and management styles followed by managers belonging to different countries and cultures. During the course of the course of the present study the main focus happens to be on China, USA and Japan (Simons, 2011, p.275). China has been selected because it is one of the most emerging economies in the world. Howeve r, China has had a reputation of being autocratic in nature. On the other hand USA is a developed economy. The management and leadership style of USA is quite different from China. The last country chosen happens to be Japan. Japan is a

Effective communication skills are essential for working in health and Essay

Effective communication skills are essential for working in health and social care - Essay Example Therefore, it has been suggested that people working in health and social care environments should be able to organize a conversation for effective communication. When a speaker is organized, there would be a smooth flow of communication and the result would be an understanding between the people communicating. The health care provider must understand the conversation cycle and look for other means the patient may be communicating such as the use of non-verbal communication. Therefore, the worker should also be able to interpret and understand non-verbal communication. In addition, the caregiver should also understand cultural differences in order to understand what is being communicated by the patient and s/he would also know how to tell things to the patient. Asking questions is another skill that health and social care providers must be proficient in because they are able to bring out more necessary information about their clients through questioning. Lastly, they should also have listening skills, understanding what is said between the lines and not just grasping meanings from spoken words. There are indeed many facets of communication and these should be mastered for effective communication. ... Although it is not specifically the intent of this brief research to discuss the level to which communications within healthcare and social care can affect each and every shareholder, it is worth mentioning, and will be briefly discussed, the level to which communications ultimately leads to a clearer and more nuanced approach to healthcare and social care even within the healthcare community and the many shareholders this ultimately represents. Although the term communications encompasses a great many mechanisms, theories, and constructs, the term itself, with relation to healthcare and social care can be simply defined as â€Å"the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve the quality of healthcare and social care provision† (BTEC 2010, p. 3). As such, communication within healthcare takes on a variety of forms in order to achieve a desired result. Perhaps the most useful mechanism of the way that health promotion takes place is by engaging the indi vidual with the holistic nature of health. In this way, the overly used cliche – an ounce of cure is worth a pound of prevention comes into clear focus. It is this author’s belief that the holistic view of health is the most key and integral concept due to the fact that such an approach necessarily encompasses the other approaches – to include: the participatory nature of health, key/individual factors in promoting health, implementation of strategy to build health, and tallying key strengths/weaknesses to bolster overall health. In this way, promotion of the key concept of the holistic nature of health is a type of umbrella term that necessarily works to

Criminal Defense Attorney: Ethical Obligations

Criminal Defense Attorney: Ethical Obligations Thoroughly explain the difference between the ethical obligations of a defense attorney and the ethical obligations of a prosecutor. Explain how these different roles may affect their responsibilities in a criminal trial Obligations of the Defense Attorney The role of an attorney, as defined by society, can be seen threefold; a member of a legal profession, a representative of clients, and an officer of the judicial system with the responsibility of obtaining quality justice. These responsibilities do not differentiate based on the type of law that is practiced. These responsibilities go farther than merely representing a client in a criminal proceeding. An attorney must respect the need to seek the truth within a system that places justice as a core value. There are multiple roles that a criminal defense attorney must face and each role has distinct responsibilities in every action and every decision that is made. Role as Advocate The American Bar Association Criminal Justice Standards suggest that the defense attorney satisfies his duty to the administration of justice and as an officer of the court merely by serving as the accuseds counselor and advocate with courage and devotion and to render effective, quality representation. (Marcus, 2009) A few advocates take the position that the criminal lawyer has one assignment, enthusiastically speaking for the client, within the law, and state that the part of the criminal lawyers responsibility to secure the accused against the power of the government, directs the lawyers ethical commitments. Officer of the Court The criminal lawyer has obligations to the court and others to include the defendant. The officer of the court is required to decide on choices that reflect regard for the truth and the function of the trial procedure. The officer of the court is required to cease from including himself in distortion, misrepresentation, and deceptive nature. The officer of the court cant take an interest in perjurious declaration, and in the event that he gets to be distinctly mindful of his association then he should find a way to cure it. Minister of Justice The criminal defense lawyer is called to be a member of society with an extraordinary obligation to justice. Justice considers whether the issues of the substantive and procedural privileges of the accused have been ensured all through the legal procedure. Justice obliges adherence to the correct techniques and procedures, through which justice is proficient. Also, at last, it requires that false declaration or testimony would not be the premise of a fair conviction. Paying little mind to whether a criminal attorneys client is liable of the wrongdoing he or she is being accused or wrongly blamed, the lawyers occupation doesnt change: make the prosecution prove its case with sound contentions, genuine proof, and dependable declaration. Criminal lawyers have an impossibly troublesome task, as upsetting and candidly difficult as that of a Doctor who must save life, and have the capacity to watch a patient die under his surgical knife and come back to work again the following day. It doesnt deliver fulfillment or euphoria when lawyers see their blameworthy criminal client go free, ensured by the Constitutional denial against double jeopardy never to need to suffer discipline over shocking crimes. Be that as it may, they are not the villains and liars of the American justice system; they are its moral legends. Obligations of the Prosecutor The prosecutor must have the capacity to demonstrate the defendant is blameworthy past all doubt even though, prosecutors tend to be somewhat embellished and violate the laws of justice at any cost. Tragically, innocent individuals are put in a place of confessing to violations they didnt commit due to the attorney misconduct. Unfortunate behavior by prosecutors is typical inside the courts, a viable strategy that works to support them. It comprises of wrecking, changing or withholding proof, threatening defense witnesses in return for lesser sentences, training witnesses for the prosecution to give statements that help their evidence against the defendant. Eventually the defendant does not get a reasonable trial and is wrongly sentenced. Criminal convictions as of late have been toppled on account of violations by prosecutors regarding scientific evidence. A prosecutor has the ethical commitment to keep up a level of competent fitness in the courtroom. The Function of the Prosecutor The office of prosecutor is responsible with arraignments in its district. The prosecutor, along with the defense attorney, is a manager of justice, an advocate, and an officer of the court; the prosecutor must practice sound suspicion in the execution of his or her capacities. The obligation of the prosecutor is to look for justice, not simply to convict. It is an imperative of the prosecutor to look to change and enhance the organization of criminal justice. Whenever insufficiencies or treacheries in the substantive or procedural law become obvious, he or she must enhance endeavors for healing the negative activity. It is the obligation of the prosecutor to know and be guided by the guidelines of professional conduct as characterized by traditions, moral codes, and law in the prosecutors locale. In 1935, the case of Williams v. State cited a reasonable definition by stating; The prosecutor is the representative not of an ordinary party to a controversy, but of a sovereignty whose obligation to govern impartially is as compelling as its obligation to govern at all; and whose interest, therefore, in a criminal prosecution is not that it shall win a case, but that justice shall be done. As such, he is in a peculiar and very definite sense the servant of the law, the twofold aim of which is that guilt shall not escape or innocence suffers. He may prosecute with earnestness and vigor indeed, he should do so. But, while he may strike hard blows, he is not at liberty to strike foul ones. It is as much his duty to refrain from improper methods calculated to produce a wrongful conviction as it is to use every legitimate means to bring about a just one. References Marcus, M. (2009). The making of the ABA criminal justice standards. Criminal Justice, 23(4), 10. 295 U.S. 78, 88 (1935), cited in Williams v. State, 103 Nev. 106, 110, 734 P.2d 700, 703 (1987); see also RPC 3.8 (Special Responsibilities of Prosecutor); ABA Prosecution Function Standard ÂÂ § 3-1.2 (3d Ed. 1993); NDAA National Prosecution Standard ÂÂ § 1.1 (2d Ed. 1991).

Revenge and Vengeance in Shakespeares Hamlet - Revenge in Hamlet :: The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays

Revenge in Hamlet Revenge causes the characters in Hamlet to act blindly through anger and emotion, rather than through reason. It is based on the principle of an eye for an eye; this action is not always the best means to an end. Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet were all looking to avenge the deaths of their fathers. They all acted on emotion driven by the want for revenge for their father's deaths, and this led to the downfall of two, and the rise to power of one. Since the heads of the three major families were each murdered, the eldest sons of these families felt that they needed to take some kind of action to avenge their father's deaths; this need to bring honour to their respective families was ultimately the demise of Laertes and Hamlet. There were three major families in the tragedy of Hamlet. These were the family of King Fortinbras, the family of Polonius, and the family of King Hamlet. Fortinbras, King of Norway, was killed by King Hamlet; slain by sword during a man-to-man battle.   "...Lost by his father, with all bonds of law, to our most valiant brother."[Act 1, Scene 2; lines 24-25]. This entitled King Hamlet to the land that was possessed by Fortinbras because it was written in a seal'd compact. Polonius was an advisor to the King, and father to Laertes and Ophelia. He was nosy and arrogant, and he did not trust his children, and at one point in the play, using his daughter to probe Hamlet. Young Hamlet killed Polonius while he was secretly listening in on a conversation between Hamlet and his mother. "How now! A rat? Dead, for a ducat, dead!"[Act 3, Scene 4; Line 25].   King Hamlet was the King of Denmark, and Hamlet's father. He had killed King Fortinbras, only to be killed by his brother, Claudius. " ...My offence is rank, it smells to heaven; A brother's murder..." Each of these events affected the sons of the deceased in the same way. Laertes found out about his father's death, and immediately returned home. He confronted the King and accused him of the murder of his father. Claudius told Laertes that Hamlet was responsible for his father's death. He then decides to kill Hamlet to avenge the death of his father. He and Claudius concoct a plot to kill Hamlet. Hamlet dies of wounds from the poisoned tipped sword Laertes used. Revenge and Vengeance in Shakespeare's Hamlet - Revenge in Hamlet :: The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays Revenge in Hamlet Revenge causes the characters in Hamlet to act blindly through anger and emotion, rather than through reason. It is based on the principle of an eye for an eye; this action is not always the best means to an end. Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet were all looking to avenge the deaths of their fathers. They all acted on emotion driven by the want for revenge for their father's deaths, and this led to the downfall of two, and the rise to power of one. Since the heads of the three major families were each murdered, the eldest sons of these families felt that they needed to take some kind of action to avenge their father's deaths; this need to bring honour to their respective families was ultimately the demise of Laertes and Hamlet. There were three major families in the tragedy of Hamlet. These were the family of King Fortinbras, the family of Polonius, and the family of King Hamlet. Fortinbras, King of Norway, was killed by King Hamlet; slain by sword during a man-to-man battle.   "...Lost by his father, with all bonds of law, to our most valiant brother."[Act 1, Scene 2; lines 24-25]. This entitled King Hamlet to the land that was possessed by Fortinbras because it was written in a seal'd compact. Polonius was an advisor to the King, and father to Laertes and Ophelia. He was nosy and arrogant, and he did not trust his children, and at one point in the play, using his daughter to probe Hamlet. Young Hamlet killed Polonius while he was secretly listening in on a conversation between Hamlet and his mother. "How now! A rat? Dead, for a ducat, dead!"[Act 3, Scene 4; Line 25].   King Hamlet was the King of Denmark, and Hamlet's father. He had killed King Fortinbras, only to be killed by his brother, Claudius. " ...My offence is rank, it smells to heaven; A brother's murder..." Each of these events affected the sons of the deceased in the same way. Laertes found out about his father's death, and immediately returned home. He confronted the King and accused him of the murder of his father. Claudius told Laertes that Hamlet was responsible for his father's death. He then decides to kill Hamlet to avenge the death of his father. He and Claudius concoct a plot to kill Hamlet. Hamlet dies of wounds from the poisoned tipped sword Laertes used.

Jesus had a way of teaching his disciples Essay

Jesus always had a way of teaching his disciples how to be better people. He used events to teach them, he also used small talking sessions to teach them. The disciples were taught many valuable lessons from Jesus. In the modern world some people think that only bishops, priests or vicars are real disciples but every Christian who has been baptised should try to be a follower of Jesus. Christians today work for each other and for the people that they see as the weak in society such as the elderly, alcoholics, drug addicts and one-parent families. There are plenty of schemes run by voluntary Christian organisations for the poor and weak in society. The Salvation Army is well known for its concern of outcasts in society. They practise many different activities including children’s day centres and nurseries and family welfare work and homes for the elderly. The Salvation Army does plenty for the weak of society and other Christian denominations have their charity organisations, which provide similar services. There are international Christian organisations that include the Tear fund and Christian Aid, these groups care for the needs of developing nations. They help third world countries to live life as best as they can by providing clean water, health care and education. Some Christians today choose to become priests or join a religious order as their way of being disciples of Jesus in the modern world.A priest is a servant of God’s people. The Priest’s job is to proclaim and preach the gospel, to bless the bread and wine offered at mass. to care for the needs of people in the parish, especially by showing his worshippers what they can do for each other and to devote themselfs to God. Some people should use their talents to improve the world, to try and make the world peaceful and loving place. They have a duty to be aware of all the world’s problems such as crime, prejudice and violence. Christians who take part in the Eucharist are sent to serve others at the end of mass. The priest says, â€Å"Go in peace to love and serve the Lord†. We can serve others by donating our clothes to charity shops so that others will benefit. We can visit the lonely, offer shelter, feed the hungry, pray, provide love and comfort, in doing all of these things we are serving the Lord. â€Å"Love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength†(Mark’s Gospel – 12: 30-31). This is an extract from Mark’s gospel in the passage of ‘The Great Commandment’; it is what Jesus said to be the greatest commandment of all. Jesus explains this to mean that God is the only Lord we have so therefore we need to love him in the best way that we can. The second greatest commandment of them all is to â€Å"Love your neighbour as yourself†(Mark’s Gospel – 12: 31). When Jesus was talking of these two great commandments he wanted us to realise that life does not revolve around ourselves it is about what we can do for others. This message is to show us not to be selfish and be prepared to suffer for our beliefs. We should never contribute to Mickey taking or peer pressure as we would not like that if it was directed at us. We should give our time for other people which many people do as a careers options so they are also giving their life to God at the same time by serving to others such as Nurses, Doctors, teachers, fireman and missionaries all these jobs are for someone else’s benefit giving their time up for people like us when we are in danger or ill. we can contribute our ways to discipleship by going to church to pray, prayer in general if it to be at home, personal or within a group in a community at school or in a parish. It is important Christians/disciples have childlike qualities that they are proud to be a Christian, they are honest, faith, enthusiasm everything seem brilliant hope and trust in God at the lowest times in your life.Even when tragic accidents happen such as suffering with cancer, A death of someone you love or such incidents as September 11th the attack on the twin towers New York. We should still have faith and believe they are with God and happy. I think that it is extremely difficult to be a modern day disciple because many people take the modern lifestyle for granted and the mission now has a different meaning to the one in Jesusà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ time. in the modern world because so many people are judged by many different aspects of their lifestyle. They are usually judged in a positive way about their possessions and general lifestyle but they are judged in a negative way about their religion. Religion has become very ‘unfashionableà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and this is not just because it is considered a waste of time but it is also because Jesusà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ teaching methods were unfashionable. Todayà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s world is so materialistic and people would not judge someone kindly if abandoned their family responsibilities to become a disciple. many people still suffer great persecution and rejection.. A modern day disciple would find it difficult because our world is so materialistic and it would be extremely difficult for a person to give up the wealth gained from a job. Many items in society like drugs can be a barrier between a person and their path towards discipleship. But I do think that some peopleà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s faith is strong enough to enable them to be a modern day disciple. There are many people who have made great sacrifices to follow Jesus and do his work in our world today. Mother Teresa of Calcutta was a strong believer in Christ and she is an example of a disciple in the modern world. Society does hold back a personà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s path towards discipleship but a true disciple should be able to overcome that difficulty. Being a disciple of Jesus has many implications for every area of a personà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s life and this is because their every action is influenced by Jesusà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ example. St Teresa of Avila once said, â€Å"Christ has no body now on earth but yours, no hands but yours, no feet but yours.† This means that we are on earth to represent Jesusà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and he lives in us and this is another way of us being disciples of Christ. In our lifetime today we are given a very important mission and that is to serve Jesus during our time on earth and be disciples, and also preach the word of Jesus to the people who do not yet know.

Literary Devices in Pride and Prejudice

Literary Devices in Pride and Prejudice Free Online Research Papers The novel Pride and Prejudice is a satirical tale about courtship in 19th century England that ends in the fulfillment of this proverb. The protagonist of the novel, Elizabeth, and the antagonist of the novel, Mr. Darcy, are unlike in multiple ways, and, although faces with many obstacle and challenges, find that they love each other and that their love is enough to surpass any hindrance seen in the novel. Before the relationship between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy has a chance to start, first impressions almost completely destroy obstacle any future they would have together. Elizabeth’s first impression of Darcy is a completely negative one, due to his judgmental description of her upon first seeing her at the ball; â€Å"She is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me; and I am in no humor at present to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men.† (7) Mr. Bingley attempts to make Darcy dance, but Darcy replies that â€Å"You are dancing with the only handsome girl in the room (7).† In this statement he is referring to Elizabeth’s sister, Jane. The first impression of Elizabeth, and the reader, is that Darcy is arrogant and headstrong. Before these events transpired Elizabeth’s mother, Mrs. Bennett, pointed out Darcy as a candidate for Elizabeth to marry. Elizabeth views Darcy immediately, as shown by this passage, â€Å" his friend Mr. Darcy soon drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall person, handsome features, noble mien; and the report which was in general circulation within five minutes after his entrance, of his having ten thousand a year.†(6) Elizabeth will hear none of it, considering the spiteful comment she overheard Darcy making about her previously. This arctic first encounter between Elizabeth and Darcy leaves the reader more than doubtful of anything sparking between the two in the future. In Pride and Prejudice, Miss Bingley presents a unique and almost insurmountable challenge to the union of Darcy and Elizabeth. Because of her close relationship with Mr. Darcy, she is able to affect his thoughts of Elizabeth quite odisiously. She uses character assassination and libel to get what she wants. Miss Bingley views her status as a member of the patrician class as divine right, and she looks down on anyone less fortunate that herself. She contrasts almost perfectly with Mr. Bingley, who is instantly likeable for his ability to be polite and kind to all he meets. Miss Bingley does not stop at character assassination, she continues to attack Elizabeth Bennett in all fashions, For my own part, Miss Bingley rejoined, I must confess that I never could see any beauty in her. Her face is too thin; her complexion has no brilliancy; and her features are not at all handsome. Her nose wants character; there is nothing marked in its lines. Her teeth are tolerable, but not out of the common way; and as for her eyes, which have sometimes been called so fine, I never could perceive any thing extraordinary in them. They have a sharp, shrewish look, which I do not like at all; and in her air altogether, there is a self-sufficiency without fashion which is intolerable.† (258-259) She sees the Bennetts as inferior due to their social standing as well as Mrs. Bennett’s lack of intelligence. This stated reason is quite ironic, given the almost pathetically obtuse attempts of Miss Bingley to win Darcy’s affection. Despite the seemingly insurmountable challenge Miss Bingley creates for Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, their affection for each other is more than sufficient enough to outweigh an old woman’s prejudices. A major obstacle in the relationship between Elizabeth and Darcy was Mr. Wickham, who becomes the object of Elizabeth’s affections and she hopes to marry him. He is a very popular man in the English bourgeois, and is described as a â€Å"happy man towards whom almost every female eye turned (74).† He appears in town as a product of his regiment taking up headquarters in the town. Although Wickham can potentially marry any woman he wants, he immediately takes a liking to Elizabeth. Upon first meeting each other, Elizabeth finds that there is an extreme amount of tension between Wickham and Darcy. Wickham tells her that the reason for the coldness is that Darcy and he have a history together. He tells Elizabeth that Wickham was the steward for Darcy’s father. Wickham wanted to join the clergy, and Darcy’s father encouraged him to do so. Upon Darcy’s father’s death, so Wickham said, Darcy took away the money from Wickham and forced him to join the military. He states that the inheritance willed him by Mr. Darcy’s father was not given to him. He says â€Å"A man of honor could not have doubted the intention, but Mr. Darcy chose to doubt it- or treat it as a merely conditional recommendation, and to assert that I had forfeited all claim to it by extravagance, imprudence, in short, anything, or nothing.† (77). Her prejudice towards Darcy colors her lens and she listens to Wickham’s story with not a shade of disbelief. She repeats what she has heard to her sister, Jane, and the way she articulates her observations truly shows how different Elizabeth was than the other girls of her age at the time; â€Å"They have both been deceived; I dare say†¦Interested people have perhaps misrepresented each to the other. It is, in short, impossible for us to conjecture the cause or circumstance which may have alienated them, without actual blame on either side.† (82-83) She is not prone to mindless gossip like others, and instead of spinning and interesting tale for her sister, approaches the situation intelligently and thoughtfully. After talking to Mr. Wickham, Elizabeth goes into town, where she runs into Mr. Darcy, who gives her a letter explaining the true nature of his relationship with Mr. Wickham. This letter marks the point in the novel where Elizabeth begins to like Darcy. Darcy tells her â€Å"Of what he has particularly accused me of I am ignorant; but of the truth of what I shall relate I can summon more than one witness of undoubted veracity†¦ but I cannot help supposing that the hope of revenging himself on me was a strong inducement.† (188-191). Darcy tells the real reason for Wickham’s disinheritance, Wickham engaged in problematic relations with Darcy’s sister. This marks the beginning of the constructive relationship of Darcy and Elizabeth. The wealth of Mr. Darcy proves to be somewhat of a divider between Darcy and Elizabeth. Darcy is known to have, â€Å"having ten thousand a year, (6)†. Elizabeth, in sharp contrast, does not come from a rich family nor will she inherit any of Mr. Bennett’s fortune, because â€Å"Mr. Bennett’s property consisted almost entirely in an estate of two thousand a year, which, unfortunately for his daughters, was entailed, in default of heirs male, on a distant relation† (18) At the time, the vast difference in family wealth would prove to be a definite stopper on any sort of plan for Elizabeth to be set up with Mr. Darcy for marriage. Darcy seems to be caught up in the ideas of the time; Austen describes him as being very aware of Elizabeth’s inferiorities and flaws. This distinction is mentioned again Darcys letter to Elizabeth when he writes about the failed relationship between his friend Bingley, and Jane, writing â€Å"The situation of your mothe rs family, though objectionable, was nothing in comparison of that total want of propriety so frequently, so almost uniformly, betrayed by herself, by your three younger sisters, and occasionally even by your father.† (134) This difference in social class proves to be a reason for why Darcy seemed to try to purposely self-destruct his relationship, as well as a perfect example of the influence English social ideals have on the lives of England’s high society. The final obstacle towards the relationship of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy is the aunt of Mr. Darcy, Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Lady de Bourgh is optimistic that Darcy will marry her daughter, â€Å"Mr. Darcy is engaged to my daughter† (56, 335). Before Elizabeth is even aware of Mr. Darcy’s impending proposal to her, Lady de Bourgh catches wind of the plans and immediately travels to go speak with Elizabeth. Lady de Bourgh says to Elizabeth; â€Å"I was told, that not only your sister was on the point of being most advantageously married, but that you, that Miss Elizabeth Bennett, would, in all likelihood, be soon afterwards united to my nephew, my own nephew, Mr. Darcy. Though I know it must be a scandalous falsehood; though I would not injure him so much as to suppose the truth of it possible, I instantly resolved on setting off for this place, that I might make my sentiments known to you.† (56, 334) As if to convince Elizabeth of the prenatal bond between Mr. Darcy and her niece, Lady de Bourgh explains to Elizabeth of the family history behind this arranged marriage. â€Å"The engagement between them is of a peculiar kind. From their infancy, they have been intended for each other. It was the favorite wish of his mother, as well as of hers. While in their cradles, we planned the union:† (56, 335-336) Elizabeth, however, decides to choose her own happiness over that of Lady de Bourgh and replies; â€Å"I’m marrying your nephew,† (56, 337). This final step Elizabeth takes proves to overcome the obstruction in the relationship of Elizabeth and Darcy. Again, this is another example of the customs of the time with the interfamily arranged marriages based on social standing and wealth. Jane Austen does an excellent job of writing a novel that not only criticizes social customs and structures, but at the same time spins a beautiful tale of finding love in the most unexpected of places. 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Free Essays on The Culture Of Different Times

The Culture of Different Times The legendary story of â€Å"Beowulf† is a classic example of a heroic warrior class figure in an Old English/Anglo Saxon society. He is tough and brutal, noble and heroic. Reading â€Å"Beowulf,† we get a sense of a less human society where fighting for ones honor is what matters the most. On the flip side of that, we see a sort of revolution, a progression towards the â€Å"is† world, in literature. One example of this is â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† by Geoffrey Chaucer. The culture presented in the â€Å"Canterbury Tales† differs from that presented in â€Å"Beowulf† because society has become more humanistic. These people don’t want to start a war, the want to stay alive, start families and raise children. In Chaucer’s time men took pilgrimages, in the time of Beowulf, they fought war. Anglo Saxon culture was a culture of honor, brutality and war. For example, Beowulf was a man who fought because he had to weather it is for his own survival, the survival of his tribe or the strength of his country. Although he knew he was mortal, he fought and fought as if he were sub human. Men with that type of mentality did not speak of their feelings of love or even the feeling of emotional pain unless it was pain caused in a battle, and only that pain was worth mention. This type of behavior was typical of Anglo Saxon times in that men fought till the bitter end and lived in a shame filled culture unlike the guilt culture that became of the Medieval Ages. Medieval culture was quite different compared to Anglo Saxon culture. People in Medieval times seemed more human, and more willing to share their feelings. From reading literature from that time we gain insight into the lives of characters, which in turn allow us to gain insight into the culture of the middle ages. For example, the characters in Chaucer’s â€Å"Canterbury Tales† call to our attention the fact that something has changed. Fighting was not t... Free Essays on The Culture Of Different Times Free Essays on The Culture Of Different Times The Culture of Different Times The legendary story of â€Å"Beowulf† is a classic example of a heroic warrior class figure in an Old English/Anglo Saxon society. He is tough and brutal, noble and heroic. Reading â€Å"Beowulf,† we get a sense of a less human society where fighting for ones honor is what matters the most. On the flip side of that, we see a sort of revolution, a progression towards the â€Å"is† world, in literature. One example of this is â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† by Geoffrey Chaucer. The culture presented in the â€Å"Canterbury Tales† differs from that presented in â€Å"Beowulf† because society has become more humanistic. These people don’t want to start a war, the want to stay alive, start families and raise children. In Chaucer’s time men took pilgrimages, in the time of Beowulf, they fought war. Anglo Saxon culture was a culture of honor, brutality and war. For example, Beowulf was a man who fought because he had to weather it is for his own survival, the survival of his tribe or the strength of his country. Although he knew he was mortal, he fought and fought as if he were sub human. Men with that type of mentality did not speak of their feelings of love or even the feeling of emotional pain unless it was pain caused in a battle, and only that pain was worth mention. This type of behavior was typical of Anglo Saxon times in that men fought till the bitter end and lived in a shame filled culture unlike the guilt culture that became of the Medieval Ages. Medieval culture was quite different compared to Anglo Saxon culture. People in Medieval times seemed more human, and more willing to share their feelings. From reading literature from that time we gain insight into the lives of characters, which in turn allow us to gain insight into the culture of the middle ages. For example, the characters in Chaucer’s â€Å"Canterbury Tales† call to our attention the fact that something has changed. Fighting was not t...

MGT499 MOD 4 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGT499 MOD 4 SLP - Essay Example This strategic plan include the induction of most innovative products backed by solid research of its research facilities, maintaining diversity of portfolio, cost effective and low cost medicine and achieving efficiency and effectiveness through its human and material resources. (Novartis, 2011). The Cost Leadership component of Porter’s competitive strategies is the most important but difficult objective to be achieved especially, in pharmaceutical industry where quality compromise is not an option at all. The only way out to achieve competitively lower prices of products is through savings on procurements, cost effective production and advantageous use of supply chain. To ensure cost leadership the company has improved its internal processes to save production cost in order to provide relief to the consumer. ICIS, trusted market intelligence for the global chemical and energy industries states the cost effective procedures of the Novartis in these words, â€Å"Operational efficiency initiatives have made progress to improve speed, flexibility and productivity while freeing up resources. On this basis, it has launched a companywide project â€Å"Forward† to provide annual cost savings of approximately $1.6bn in 2009 and 2010.† (ICIS, n.d.). The differentiation is mainly achieved through wide range research and diversified portfolio. Research and diversification complements each other to ensure differentiation. The company wide research facilities have contributed a long way into achieves uniqueness in its products. Afinitor, a potential breakthrough for advanced kidney cancer, the vaccine Menveo for protection against four meningococcal meningitis serogroups and Extavia (interferon beta-1b) for patients with certain forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) are few examples of thoroughly researched innovative products of Novartis to ensure a level of differentiation with its competitors. (ICIS, n.d.). The diversification of portfolio is an way

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Literature review - Essay Example In order to identify the relationship between employee satisfaction and its direct influence on employee performance, it is important to establish the levels of motivation, such as payment, promotion and reward, need in development, the level of freedom and stress, understand how employees perceive business environment, in a friendly manner or like a hostile surrounding. The idea of employee’s performance dependence on the level of job satisfaction was followed from the number of theories (Christen, Iyer & Soberman, 2005). Motivation to perform certain tasks is natural while the work itself is fulfilling. Jose and Mampilly (2012) observed employees’ engagement as positive work- related motivational state where they wished to contribute to work assignment that would lead to organizational success. Moreover, they state that in the modern business environment, the best practices are supposed to provide more opportunities for motivation improving through training of additional skills, attitudes and behavior of employees (Jose & Mampilly, 2012). In addition, employees’ motivation to work is supported by investment in staff development, where people see that their skills and abilities facilitate reaching of the organizational objectives. Shahzadi et al (2014) explains employees’ motivation from the point of view of the need tha t helps employees to attain assured targets. It is also procedure of different physiological and psychological wants that stimulates employee’s behavior to obtain certain performance. Motivated employees are more responsive of the definite organizational goals (Shahzadi et al, 2014). Therefore, motivational approach leads to the right organizational direction and successful accomplishments of business practices. It is established (Abadi et al, 2011) that money is the most fundamental factor that motivates employees,